Maybe it's a mix of both. Maybe there are clans like what Hollander is speaking of and others that are not.
it's possible, but all the examples we have so far looking at indictments and police reports (for example Rudaj gang in New York, Demce gang in Italy and several others) seem to point us to the fact that they are fluid and less hierarchical organizations; this is also the main reason why in Italy there are very few Albanian citizens charged with 416-bis (mafia-type association), even less than other foreigner groups like the Nigerians
