"We can't wait. I don't care what Sollozzo says about a deal, he's gonna kill Pop, that's it. That's the key for him. Gotta get Sollozzo."
However, I suspect that you may be correct Olivant in that they waited a while before hitting Sollozo and McClusky. According to Geoff's GF Website timeline, Michael did NOT go to Sicily until March.
You know how we may be able to find the answer to your question of how much time elapsed between the hit attempt on Vito and the killing of Sollozo and McClusky? The Montague scene, after the hit on Sollozo and McClusky, that show all the headlines of "Police Hunt Cop Killer," "CIty Cracks Down," etc. etc.
If I get a chance, later on tonight I will go to those scenes and see if I can catch the dates on the newspapers in that scene by freeze framing the scene.