An interesting discussion in the “When did Michael decide to kill Fredo” thread has made me believe that Fredo was in with Roth and Ola far more deeply than I’d previously thought:

Probably no more than 48 hours elapsed between Michael’s departure from Cuba and his meeting with Tom, Neri and Rocco in Nevada—Michael’s wearing the same clothes as in Cuba, looks exhausted, asks Neri for a wet towel…As soon as he’s alone with Tom, he asks:

Where's my brother?
TOM: Uh – Roth got out on a private boat, he's in a hospital in Miami. Had a stroke but he recovered okay. Your bodyguard's dead.
MICHAEL: I asked about Fredo.
TOM: Uh -- I think he got out -- he must be somewhere in New York.

--Tom had been in Nevada all the while Michael was in Cuba. How could he have known that Roth had a stroke, had recovered, got out on a private boat, and that Michael’s bodyguard was dead? Roth sure didn’t tell him.

--The last we saw of Roth, he was gravely ill, unconscious, breathing on oxygen—and nearly dead from the bodyguard’s attempt to asphyxiate him. How did Roth get on that private boat so quickly? Not under his own power, surely.

--The last we saw of Fredo, he seemingly was running from Michael, dazed, nearly hit by a car. Michael’d had the foresight to arrange a private plane out of Cuba, but Fredo wasn’t on it. How did dumb, simpleminded Fredo get to New York in that same 48-hour-or-less timeframe?

What this suggests to me is:

1. Fredo told Tom about Roth’s stroke, escape, and the bodyguard.

2. Roth had either arranged the private boat for himself ahead of time, or someone rescued him. It may have been his pals in the Cuban government. Or, it may have been Fredo, via his own contacts in the Cuban government. Either way, Fredo had to have been on that boat with him—that’s how he knew about Roth’s escape and the bodyguard’s death.

3. Since Fredo was included in Roth’s escape plan, he had to have been far more important to Roth than simply as a dupe for the attempted Tahoe massacre.

Put this together with other hints: “Johnny Ola brought me here [to the Superman show] implies that Fredo’d been to Cuba with Ola before. “I’m gonna get me a real drink” may have been Fredo leaving the Presidential Palace to phone his contacts in the Cuban government because the next thing we see is that smart-looking military detachment double-timing down the hospital corridor to rescue Roth. And, in the later boathouse scene, Fredo knows that Pentangeli survived, and that the Senate lawyer, Questadt, belongs to Roth.

All of this suggests that Fredo not only an active part of the plot to murder Michael in Tahoe, he also didn’t expect Michael to get out of Havana alive—and may have tried to prevent Michael’s escape. And, even after Michael got out, he and Roth still may have been conspiring against Michael. Part of that conspiracy may have been Fredo’s failure to tell Michael about Pentangeli and Questadt, when doing so before Michael’s Senate testimony might have gotten him back in Michael’s good graces.

Small wonder Michael killed his own brother.

I reached the same conclusion in that other threat TB, and would add some more observations.

After Fredo arrives with the money, Michael tells Fredo that Roth is going to assassinate him. During that conversation Fredo ruefully says "why didn't we spend time like this before" and "I was so mad at you Mikey." Later that day Roth is far more agitated than he had been. He tells Michael that he is aware that the money reached Cuba. I suspect Fredo, after spending time with Michael contacted Ola or Roth to tell them the money had arrived AND that Michael was on to their assassination plot. Furious, Roth explodes in an uncharacteristic way when Michael pushes him on "Who gave the order" to kill Pentangeli. By this point Roth probably knows his assassination plan isn't going to work, and he may have also known that all the money he was collecting allegedly to pay off Batista may have been destined for his pockets all along. Note how distressed Roth gets when Michael publically suggests the rebels could win. I'm thinking Roth knew the rebels could and even would win, and was planning to pocket the money himself, claiming Batista had taken it. Now, knowing that he didn't have a partner in Michael, he secured his arrangements to leave Cuba.
It is entirely possible that his trip to the hspital was a ruse to save himself from being killed. Remember that Michael's body guard had to settle for killing Ola at the hotel, and had to rearrange his plans to get Roth at the Hospital, where Batista had disatched some troops to guard him, and who arrived in a nick of time, and who probably spirited him away.

Fredo had to have been aware all along that Michael would be assassinated in Cuba, and he was probably aware of where to go if he needed to get off the islad in short order....so yes, I believe Fredo and Roth were on the same boat to Miami.

No question they Roth camp was using Fredo as a mole, and despite Fredo's trepidations at one point ...the telephone scene where he says they lied to him and tells Ola not to call him anymore...he stayed with the Roth people in an effort to rub out Michael.

Assuming all this to be true, once again we need to wag our finger at Tom Hagen and somewhat to Michael who never had a clue this was going on. From the time Fredo called out Michael in front of Moe Green (a staunch ally of Roth, and the person who most likely introduced Fredo to Ola and Roth) somebody should have been watching Fredo. No way should his meeting in Beverly Hills have gone unnoticed.

Very very interesting theory TB!!! It most definitely paints a different picture of the entire Michael / Roth /Fredo scenario.

Now that you point it out, everything that took place did happen very quickly between the time that Michael elft Cuba and meets with Neri, Rocco and Tom.

Fredo must have escaped Cuba with Roth. And it makes total sense that he was with Roth because as you point out, Tom already knew all of the information about Roth having a stroke, recovering and getting out on a private boat.

I can see a telephone conversation between Tom and Fredo going something like this :

----------------------------------------------------


FREDO : Tom, it's Freddie.

TOM : Freddie, are you ok? Where are you? Michael's worried about you. Are you still stuck in Cuba?

FREDO : I'm back in the states. I'm safe.

TOM : How did you get out of there? Michael phoned and said that you did not leave Cuba with him.

FREDO : I --- Uh -- I got out by boat.

TOM : By boat? But how? Michael said ---

FREDO : ---Roth's Boat.

TOM : You got out with Roth's boat? But Roth....

FREDO : ...Roth's still alive. He had a stroke and we got him out on his private boat. He's recovering in a hospital in Miami.

TOM : Where are you Fredo?

FREDO : Tom, I'm afraid, I'm scared. I screwed up. And Michael knows it. That's why I didn't leave with Michael. I didn't know what to do -- and -- uh --- Roth's people got Roth and me out of there.

TOM : Tell me where you are Fredo.

FREDO : All I can tell you is that I'm headed for New York. I have to go. I'll call you soon.

TOM : Fredo, don't hang ......

Dial Tone.

------------------------------------------

TB - You know that I've always been an advocate on here defending Fredo because I felt that he was just stupid, not malicious, and really didn't know. But now that you've brought up some really excellent points and probable scenarios , I'm begining to agree that perhaps Michael wasn't so wrong in having Fredo whacked.

GREAT TOPIC TB! You may have outdone yourself with this one!

I have nothing to add.

Nice dialogue, DC.

Bravo DON T! Both you and TB have placed a totaly new light on the whole Roth / Fredo scenerio.

And if you both do not mind, I'd like to once again add that I believe that the Fredo / Ola relationship goes all the way back to when Fredo was with Moe Green while in Las Vegas.

.....and all this going on behind the scenes. Do you think FCC knew about all of this?!

Moe Green - I took him in because the Corleones bankrlled my casino and the Molinari family on the coast guaranteed his safety.

Roth - BE careful with him Moe. I've heard you have humiliated him pblically by slapping him around.

Green - He was banging cocktail waitresses two at a time.

Roth - Moe, you see he's not that bright. The Corleones are in deep trouble in New York. Santino is dead, and Don Corleone had to concede almost everything to get his youngest son back. The word is he's being groomed to take over, but Vito is kidding himself. Michael's still nothing more than a kid, and we scared the hell out of him in Sicily by taking care of his bride. When the Don dies, there will be nothing for them to build on.

Green - So what are you getting at?

Roth - I want you to cultivate Fredo. He's stupid and he's weak, but he may be of use to us in the future. I'm sending Johnny Ola to Vegas. Make sure you give Freddie some time off and convince him Johnny is there to be shown a good time.

Green - Whatever you say Hyman, but I just don't see him as an asset.

THREE YEARS LATER

Roth - We badly underestimated Michael Corleone. He secretly built an entire regime, wiped out all the heads of the New York families and, as you know he put a bullet through Moe's eye.

Ola - So what's your plan.

Roth - Michael doesn't know that we bankrolled a good portion of Virgil Solllozo's operation and also Barzini's after Sollozo died. That's the reason he never came after us. I've always taken care to send Michael birthday cards, and the like even from the time he was a kid, so I think he kind of looks up to me as a father figure.

Ola - What do you have in mind?

Roth - What's your relationship with Freddie?

Ola - Its solid. We've gone to Havana a few times on our own and also on some of the trips you made. I've taken him to that damn spuerman show 10 times. I swear to god he likes that guy more than the hookers.

Roth - You think maybe he's ...

Ola - Not that I've seen, but who knows.

Roth - Well, it doesnt matter. Here's what I want you to do.
Fly out to the coast and set something up with Freddie in Beverly Hills, or someplace away from Vegas or Tahoe. Tell him that Mike and I have something going on but that he's being tough on the negotiations. Be vague.

Ola - No problem, curiosity isn't Freddie's stong suit.

(both men laugh briefly)

Roth - Tell him it is very important that Freddie keeps your relationship secret from Michael. Tell him you'll be in Tahoe at the kid's Communion, and to make himself scarce. Tell him you need a favor from him, and that if he does it there is something big in it for him. Tell him you can't say what it is right now, but that you'll get word to him.

FFC: Ruddy, I want you to go to TheGodfathertrilogy.net, make them think you're not too sure about our plots...find out what they got under their keyboards...

So, why would Tom say that he thought Fredo got out of Cuba and must be in NY? That all sounds tentative to me unless Tom was intentionally being tentative with Mike.

I've always felt that Tom WAS being tentative with Mike.

Of course he was being tentative. He didn't want Mike to know he'd had contact with Fredo.

Like DC, I've always been inclined to give Fredo the benefit of the doubt, and I remain unconvinced that Fredo had as active a role as is theorized above.

Without going into a point-by-point, one main objection is the issue of the $2M. I think we all agree that Roth's motivation in keeping Mike alive was to get his hands on it. But, if you believe that Fredo was an active participant in the entire plot, then Roth, in effect, already had his hands on it.

Fredo surely would have told Roth that he was coming with the $2M. In fact, he probably did, as Roth's "sixth sense" told him Fredo and the money had arrived.

If Fredo was truly in deep with Roth, Roth would have killed Michael as soon as Fredo had the money. There's no way Fredo would have given up possession of it to Michael.

As to their escapes, there were any number of ways that Fredo and Roth could have gotten off the island; both were clearly well-connected in Havana.

As to Tom's admittedly strange wealth of information, I'd chalk that up to directoral license. The movie was long enough without scenes of them investigating Roth and Fredo's whereabouts.

I have to disagree LW with some of the points you raise. First of all, from Roth's perspective it is not clear when he knows for sure that Michael Corleone is on to him. The whole subtext of the Michael-Roth relationship is the two men circling each other, each outwardly flattering the other but inwardly suspecting the other of treachery.

As far as Roth Killing Michael as soon as Fredo had the money, I think he had to go through the charade of Fredo bringing it to Cuba and having Michael giving it to him. Having missed his chance to kill Michael in Tahoe, Roth had to wait and see if Michael would personally hand him the money or ultimately bail out, as he eventually did. Roth's plan was to have Michael killed by Batissta's military after the New Year's party, and at that point the money would either be in his hands or in Fredo's after Michael's death. Fredo would never openly defy Michael by giving the money to Roth while Michael was still alive. At the heart of Fredo's treachery, at that point in the story, was his keeping it from Michael, not putting it on display.

As I said earlier, I think Roth's going to the hospital was a ruse to protect himself, because after the scene where they confront one another about Pentangeli and Moe Green, Roth has a pretty good idea that Michael knows he tried to kill him, and that Michael is about to try to take Roth out himself.

Finally I don't know that Fredo was all that well connected in Havana. He does say it is "his kind of town," but in the Superman scene he implies that Johnny Ola was the one who knew the town like the back of his hand, and not himself. Besides, how well connected in Havana could a guy who didn't know how to say "Banana Daquari" be?

Yes!
Roth had no organization of his own, other than Johnny Ola. Even though he had Fredo in his pocket, he had to hide his involvement in Michael's death. He had to protect himself from possible retaliation by Neri, Rocco, Tom or others loyal to Michael--or to others who'd want to grab Michael's empire and eliminate him from contention.

The birthday party scene was an attempt to provide him with an alibi: "What? Me kill Michael? Why, I loved the kid like he was my own son. I was preparing to hand over my whole Havana gaming empire to him--just ask any of those thugs who were at my birthday party!" The assassination plan was a clever ploy: Michael'd be driven to his hotel in a military car. On the way, the car would be attacked by agents of SIM (Batista's secret police) with military weapons, making it look like an ambush by Castro's guerillas. "Poor Mike, he got caught in the crossfire..."

So, it was essential for Michael to have turned over the $2 million personally to Roth--it would be one more very important proof that their "deal" was still valid. Having Fredo turn over the money, and then killing Michael, would have tipped Roth's hand. It also would have tipped Fredo's hand in the plot--and he needed protection against retaliation, too.

TB you bring up a provocative point in saying that Roth had no organization. Assuming that is the case, then it is likely that Roth contracted with the Rosato Brothers to execute the hit on Michael, and that the assassins got on to the estate either as party crashers or with Johnny. This is likely because the Corleone people assume the contractors were "hired out of New York." It is conceivable that Fredo had a role in hiding,and maybe even killing the assassins. In the movie there is a brief scene of Deanna shrieking that there are two of them "lying dead outside my window." This would indicate that the shooters were told to go to the cabin or whatever it was in which Fredo was staying to receive further orders, when in fact the plan was to keep them quiet forever by killing them.

Additionally, Fredo knew that Frank Pentangeli had come all the way to Tahoe to talk to Mike about Clemenza's demise, which Willie Cicci was quick to say "was no heart attack." Fredo would have passed the information to Roth that Pentangeli thought the Rosatos were somehow responsible for Clemenza's death, and that he had gone out of his way to appeal to Michael to allow him to keep the territories Clemenza had promised them. Roth would not have known the outcome of the discussion, but when Michael came to visit him and tell him Pentangeli had orchestrated the hit, Roth has a virtual green light to take Pentageli out. At that point Roth thought he was in the cat bird seat because he had heard from both Corleone brothers that there wasw a rift between Michael and Pentangeli.

Roth probably had been invited to Anthony's party. He begged off, citing ill health. But he knew that Pentangeli would be there, contentious over Michael's support of the Rosato brothers. Thus Frankie would have a perfect motivation to whack Michael, and would make the perfect patsy if the murder had succeeded.
So, what information did Fredo give Ola and Roth? And why did he protest, on the phone, "You guys lied to me"? A guess is that he confirmed that Frankie was invited, and planned to be there. Another (speculated by others on this board) is that he gave Ola the layout of the grounds and the location of Michael's bedroom window, and opened the drapes.

What was the "lie"? That's a toughie. Some here have speculated that Ola told Fredo that Michael might merely be kidnapped and held hostage until he agreed to Roth's (unspecified) demands. That idea gets reinforcement when Fredo said, "I swear to God, Mike, I didn't know it was gonna be a hit." It's credible that Fredo's stupidity, coupled with his resentment of Michael, would make him fall for that absurd idea.

Another possibility: Fredo was told that Michael and Frankie would be whacked, and Frankie's body would be placed in such a way to look as if he'd killed Michael and had been killed in return (perhaps by those two gunmen out of NY who'd been found later). Then Fredo would take over as Don. Thus, the "lie" was that Frankie had been permitted to leave the compound before the attempt on Michael's life, that Michael survived--and that Fredo wasn't the Instant Don.

Of course Roth had intended for Michael to be killed. He didn't have to have Frankie killed at the same time, because suspicion would fall on Frankie no matter where he was. And, had Michael been killed, Roth would have little more use for Fredo. If Fredo succeeded in becoming Don, his coglioni would always be in Roth's pocket. If a power struggle broke out over succession, so much the better--divide and conquer. And, with Frankie a hunted man, the Rosatos would take over New York. He couldn't miss. But when the murder failed, Roth had to go to Plan B--lure Michael to Cuba--and he needed Fredo to at least stay on board.

Hence, the Ritz cracker with chopped liver. Michael went so far as to keep it Kosher for Hyman, which really agitated poor Frankie, who just wanted some peppers and sardines.

Peppers and salsiccia

Also, Roth's sixth sense about the $2 million should have immediately sent tremors though Mike becuase it reinforced that there was a traitor in the family. So, I wonder why Roth said it.

Indeed, Roth had no organization. He was a mob financial advisor with tremendous influence not only in financial areas, but also when it came to mortaility issues.

IMHO it is more likely that Fredo DID know it was going to be a hit and he lied to Michael when confronted (just like Carlo tried to do). I also agree that Roth or Ola led Fredo to believe that Pentangeli, or someone would be set up as a patsy, and that no one but Fredo would ever know what happened. But, as Michael put it, the assassination attempt failed, and the asssins were killed, as Michael said, by "somebody close to us...inside..very, very scared they botched it." It is also noteworthy when Michael and Tom run down the list of potential suspects, Michael makes the point that Rocco and Neri are "businessmen" but that Fredo is "weak and stupid."

By the time Ola calls Fredo, Michael had left Tahoe suddenly and without explanation; Tom was temporarily in charge of everything including Fredo and his men; Geary was about to be compromised; and the identity of the mastermind of the hit was still considered a mystery. Fredo, with a guilty conscience anyway, was now rightfully afraid that Michael would find him out. In short, Fredo now knows it is possible that Michael will win. Ola tries to reassure him while simultaneously using him as a mole to inform him whether or not Pentangeli is on the level in making the deal with the Rosatos. Fredo truthfully says he doesn't know anything, and then tellingly says that "you got me in deep enough already."

I don't think Roth "lured" Michael to Cuba, I think it was Michael's plan to go to Cuba all along. The Cuba deal was the big thing Roth and Michael had going and the reason Michael initially denied Pentangeli permission to welch on Clemenza's deal with the Rosatos. Had Michael been assassinated, and Pentangeli set up as the killer, Roth would have reached out to Tom and Fredo and no doubt convinced them that this new investment would garner more strength and money for the Corleones in the wake of Michael's tragic death. Further such an arrangement would forever protect Fredo from being found out by Tom, Neri or Rocco.

I can hear Lee Strausberg laying it on. "Michael's death?...
a tragedy. I always thought my time would come before his, and that is why I had planned to leave everything to him. Now, I am keeping the offer I made to Michael ... and am giving it to you." They would have both bought into that, and of course they would have been Roth's targets in Havana insetad of Michael.

Yeah, you're right about that. My mother, God rest her soul, used to insist it was sardines. I think because she loved them so much. It's kind of an inside joke within my family.

There are a lot of good points in this thread. Nicely done, TB et al.
I can't address each of them for the post would become an essay.

However I just can't see Fredo having an active or important role in the conspiracy to kill Michael in Tahoe. I don't think Roth or Ola would have entrusted him with the details. I also think that while Fredo was quite happy to be doing what he thought was important business behind his brother's back, ultimately he wouldn't have sanctioned Michael's murder.

The late night call from Johnny Ola and the aborted heart to heart over the banana daiquiri confirm that for me. Fredo got in over his head, used by people who played on his jealousy and resentment. A useful idiot.

The seeming reconciliation between the two brothers also makes me think that Fredo was unaware of all of Roth's plans. Fredo won't let go of Michael; he hugs him fiercely and with abandon. If Fredo had honestly wanted his brother dead, why would he have bothered to be so demonstrative. He was seeking forgiveness for his mistakes.

I think that Roth did have an organization. The character was based on Lansky, who also had an organization. It wasn't as flashy as some of the other families but it was , at least during the fifties and sixties, as powerful as some of the better known families.

Roth probably didn't have the muscle to go toe to toe with the Corleones (either in NY or Tahoe) and that wasn't his style anyway. Hence the long drawn out seduction of Fredo which leads to an attempt on Michael's life and the low level sniping between Pentangeli and the Rosatos in NY. Roth hoped to keep Michael off balance dealing with internal matters long enough to get the $2 million investment and have Michael assassinated and rebels blamed.

Roth would then have gotten more money for his casinos, protected his interests from an aggressive rival and avenged his buddy Moe Green.

Well it was a small essay anyway...

Damn good thread and discussion here.

I'm with the crowd that thinks Fredo was in deeper than the movie and even the novel let on. While back in Tahoe after finding out that Pentageli is indeed alive, Michael asks Fredo if he has any information that would help him in the Senate iunvestigation. In this conversation, Fredo ultimately tells Michael that he was "stepped over" for command of the Family, and that he didn't really care that Don Vito wanted it that way. (To further accentuate Fredo's sub-par intelligence, and therefore his unfitness for command of the Family, the excuses he offered Michael were fully pathetic). That attitude from Fredo sealed it for me that he was in way deep and simply HAD to be eliminated. Michael made this clear as well by informing Fredo that he was completely disowning him.

Once again, great discussion and observations. Thoroughly enjoyable and informative.

Welcome, Lucchese, glad you're enjoying it here. Hope to see many more good posts from you.

Grazie, TB. Been a GF fan for years, but only recently discovered this site. Great stuff. Hope to contribute to the discussions.

Welcome Luchese. Looking forward to your posts.

Lilo, let's take another look at this long-standing controversy, this time from the viewpoint of Fredo's motivation:

He told Michael in the boathouse: "He [Johnny Ola] said there'd be something in it for me." Given Fredo's burning resentment of Michael, it's credible that his motivation was revenge. So, he probably didn't press Ola too hard on the benefits to him. Ola may have told him that Michael wouldn't be harmed, that all they wanted to do was kidnap him and talk sense to him. Fredo would have closed his ears to the speciousness of that tale because all he wanted was for Michael to be taken down a few pegs. And, when he said on the phone to Ola, "You guys lied to me," he may have meant that they'd promised there'd be no shooting.

But: suppose what was in it for Fredo was to become the new Don? That viewpoint is supported by his next statements in the boathouse:

Michael: I've always taken care of you, Fredo.
Fredo (voice rising): I'm your older brother, Mike, and I was passed over.
Michael: That's the way Pop wanted it.
Fredo (screaming) It ain't the way I wanted it!

Even Fredo had to know that he'd never get the Donship while Michael lived. So, he had to be an active, knowing, willing participant in the plot to kill Michael at Tahoe. And, "you guys lied to me" may have meant that they'd assured him that Michael would be dead.

If you believe, as I do, that Fredo was a key player in the Tahoe shooting, you also must believe he had to be a part of the Havana treachery:

First reason: blackmail. Ola says on the phone: "Your brother's not gonna know we talked"--a thinly veiled threat. Fredo's coglioni were in their pockets.

Second reason: greed. I'm guessing that, after Michael met with Roth in Miami, Roth called Fredo: "Your brother got lucky at Tahoe. But the important thing is that he thinks Pentangeli was behind it. He doesn't suspect me--or you. And he thinks our deal is still good. Why, he's agreed to come to Havana and bring $2 million as a 'gift for the President.' I'm the most powerful gringo in Cuba. As soon as I get the $2 million, I'll have Batista arrange to have Michael whacked, and make it look like he was killed by the rebels. And then you'll be the Don. All you have to do is go along" [as if Fredo had any choice].

And (breathes deeply), let me go a step farther:

Fredo's active, knowing role in the Tahoe assassination attempt may have been to admit the two gunmen to the estate, lead them to Michael's bedroom window, and help them escape. But, escape would have been problematic, given the size of the estate and the high level of security. The gunmen easily could have been captured, and forced to tell what they knew--implicating Fredo and Roth.

So, I'm guessing, to protect himself and Roth, Fredo killed the Tahoe shooters--dead men tell no tales. Some people on this board, seeing a red mark on the throat of one of the gunmen, conclude that he was stabbed or garrotted. Not even Luca Brasi could have taken on two trained, armed killers with a garrotte or a knife, much less Fredo. But I'm guessing that the red mark was a mistake--and that Fredo shot the two gunmen, the sound of his gunshots masked in the general cacaphony of machine gun rounds.

TB, I'm with you 100% up until the "breathes deeply" paragraph. The timing involved in such a scenario is tough for me to get my arms around. Another thing that I might consider, though, is that Fredo, if noticed in the area of the gunmen, could simply have said that he was out for an evening walk, and seeing the gunmen immediately knew that a hit on Michael was on. So he took action by killing them both, and would be viewed as a hero and savior, thereby garnering a tremendous amount of trust to use in taking Michael out at a later time.

TB, I doubt that Fredo or anyone gunning down the gunmen amidst the cacophany of machine gun fire doesn't work. The gunmen were found a distance away from Mike's house in what appears to be a drainage ditch. The geometry doesn't work.

Also, Fredo in a crisis? Let alone with the job to murder two people? Remember Fredo during the attempted murder of his father?

Lucchese and Olivant: I admit it's a big stretch to imagine Fredo as the killer of the Tahoe gunmen. And I qualified it by saying that I was guessing. But I offer two rejoinders:

First, FFC and Puzo made Fredo almost a cartoonishly dumb character. But a silver lining in our perception of his terminal simplicity is that we were all the more shocked when he turned out to be the traitor. No matter what his role, he was pivotal to an assassination plot that very nearly worked.

Second, none of us, including me, has ever definitively answered the question of who killed the Tahoe shooters. This is one attempt. If there's a better theory, let's hear it (again).